https://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/issue/feedANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE2024-02-28T08:44:17+00:00Prof. Dr. Nargis Anjumeditor@annals-ashkmdc.orgOpen Journal Systems<p style="font-weight: 400;">The scientific journal, Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal being published for over 20 years, recognized by PMDC, HEC (Y-Category) and cited on Emerging Sources Citation Index (Thomson Reuters), IMEMR, Pakmedinet. The Editor-in-Chief is a member of World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME), and Pakistan Association of Medical Editors (PAME).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>ARTICLE PROCESSING:</strong></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">The articles can be submitted online via eJManager throughout the year and on an average, it takes maximum one year to print an article. For any queries please email at annalskmdc2013@gmail.com.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Ordinary Processing:</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"> 1. Processing Fee: Rs. 2000/-<br> 2.Publication Fee: Rs. 2000/- (per side of PDF)</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Fast Track Publication</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"> 1. Processing Fee Rs. 3000/-</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"> 2. Publication Fee Rs. 20,000/-</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">3.Publication Fee of Pictorial Quiz: Rs. 1000/-<br>...(Include processing and Publication Both):</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Subscription per issue:<br>In Pakistan: Rs.1000/-<br>In Karachi: Rs.800/-<br>Bangladesh & India: Rs.1200/-<br>UK: £ 40<br>USA & other Countires: $ 60</p>https://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/842Pictorial Quiz2024-02-28T08:39:37+00:00Fizza Khalidfiakhalid199@gmail.com2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/717Revitalizing Dental Education: Aligning Curriculum with Contemporary Dentistry2023-12-21T08:17:59+00:00Asaad Javaid mirzaasaadjmirza@gmail.comMohammad Amindramin1968@yahoo.comSaadia Saadsaadia.12606@zu.edu.pk<p>A 4-year BDS curriculum is followed in dental colleges since inception of Pakistan. Modern dentistry has gone far ahead and many contemporary core subjects are found missing from it due to shorter length of time. In many countries, our dental graduates are not accepted for employment for this reason. It is need of the hour to look into the matter with some serious outlook and modify it as per the requirement of time. A 5-year education plan will best suit to accommodate the contemporary missing subjects.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/781Orthodontic Bracket Adjustable In Different Angles2023-12-18T17:31:04+00:00Ibrahim Alshahraniishahrani@Kku.edu.saAli AlhaizaeyAlialhaizaey@hotmail.com<p>Modern advancements in dentistry, like as laser technology and digital dentistry, are increasing the comfort and effectiveness of dental procedures. Dental lasers, for instance, can now be utilized more precisely and less invasively for treatments like gum contouring and cavity elimination. The orthodon- tic brackets with adjustable angles, presenting a paradigm shift in orthodontic treatment. These brackets offer unprecedented versatility, enabling orthodontists to customize treatment for diverse cases with unique tooth anatomy and complex malocclusions. The adjustable feature enhances pre- cision and efficiency in tooth movement, potentially reducing treatment time. While promoting im- proved patient comfort through a tailored approach, the technology demands specialized training for effective utilization. The advantages include enhanced versatility, precision, and potential for more efficient outcomes. However, considerations of complexity, maintenance, and associated costs under- score the need for careful assessment and training in incorporating these innovative brackets into orthodontic practice. Overall, adjustable angle brackets signify a promising advancement, balancing customization with practical considerations for optimal orthodontic care</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/816Understanding the Smoking-Breast Cancer Link: A Call for Awareness and Research2024-02-01T06:33:23+00:00Muhammad Tahatahamamnoon000@gmail.comZaigham Alializaigham2003@gmail.comZehrah Hameedthezehrah000@gmail.com2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/841New Treatment For Functional Constipation In Children?2024-02-28T05:55:50+00:00Laraib Maliksigma_98@hotmail.comSina Azizsigma_98@hotmail.com<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Functional constipation (FC), is frequent in children and diagnosed by Rome IV criteria has a worldwide prevalence of 14.4% (95% CI 11.2-17.6). In most children the cause is unknown. However, frequency of constipation will vary depending upon the geographical location, dietary habits, toilet training and perhaps the traumatic events in a child’s life<sup>1, 2</sup> Inadequate dietary habits, diminished physical activity, swift socio-cultural transformations, heightened stress levels, and unsuitable parental attitudes contribute to this issue<sup>3</sup>.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/794Comparison between Portable Pulse Oximeter and Conventional ICU Pulse Oximeter measurements in healthy adults: A Cross Sectional Study2024-01-05T07:47:18+00:00Adil Khanadil_dr_dow@hotmail.comBushra Rabbanibushboom@yahoo.comAashir Jameelaashirjameel23@gmail.comBeena KhanKhan_emaan80@yahoo.comTahir Husainproftahirhusain@gmail.comJameel Ahmedjameelahmed@baqai.edu.pk<p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To assess the agreement between oxygen saturation reading between portable pulse oximeter and conventional ICU monitor pulse oximeter.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Fatima Hospital Baqai Medical University, Karachi, from 1st March 2023 to 31st March 2023. Participants in the study in- cluded healthy health care workers and medical students who were over the age of 18 and did not have any known co-morbid conditions like hypertension or diabetes that may affect peripheral perfu- sion. None of the participants had hypotension, clinical evidence of anemia, fingernail paint or poor peripheral perfusion as these are the factors that may influence pulse oximetry readings. Both the portable pulse oximeter and the traditional intensive care unit (ICU) monitors were utilized to take and record the oxygen saturation levels of each of the ten fingers in a sequential manner while the patient was seated. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Readings of both instruments were com- pared employing Regression analysis. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to measure the level of agreement between readings of portable pulse oximeter and conventional ICU monitors.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Total 200 participants were enrolled for this study and most of them were from younger age group. (Mean age of participants = 33.05 ± 10.31). There was no significant difference between oxy- gen saturation readings of respective finger from portable pulse oximeter and conventional ICU moni- tors on regression analysis (p > 0.05). Highest mean oxygen saturation was recorded in right middle finger using portable pulse oximeter (98.71 ± 1.21). On the ICU monitor pulse oximeter, it was 2nd highest in right middle finger (98.33 ± 2.49). Therefore, Bold-Altman analysis applied between oxygen saturation reading for two devices in right middle finger and was found to be comparable. (Mean dif- ference (bias) = 0.375 with 95% confidence interval).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Modern portable pulse oximeters can reliably be used to rule out hypoxemia.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/675Diagnostic Accuracy of FNAC in Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis- Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre2023-08-24T06:47:01+00:00Zeba Ahmedzeba.ahmed@duhs.edu.pkMuhammad Khalidzeba.ahmed@duhs.edu.pkZille Humazeba.ahmed@duhs.edu.pkReema Mirzazeba.ahmed@duhs.edu.pkSana Mehfoozsanamehfooz17@gmail.comNataliya Rajazeba.ahmed@duhs.edu.pk<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To analyze the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in the detection of tubercu- lous cervical lymphadenitis.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospi- tal Karachi’s ENT-Head and neck surgery department, from April 2021 till March 2022. Patients with ages between 30-70 years having cervical lymphadenopathy lasting for more than or equal to 3 months and having 1 or more palpable lymph nodes of more than or equal to 1 cm were included in the study. A questionnaire was designed for data collection from the patients. The names, ages, gen- der of the patients, the duration of disease noted down. The dominating nodes’ FNAC and ultrasound neck were done. Inconclusive FNAC were followed by excisional biopsy. The sample size was taken as 50, with analysis done through SPSS version 23.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> There were 34 (64%) females and 16 (32%) males present. The patients’ average age was 52.94 ± 9.43 years; 33 patients were below the age of 55, out of which 25 (75.7%) had positive and 8 (24.2%) had negative FNAC. Of the patients over the age of 55, 11 (64.7%) had positive and 6 (54.5%) had negative FNAC. The illness lasted 5.84 ± 2.63 months on average, 2 months being the minimum duration of disease, while maximum duration was 15 months. The duration of less than or equal to six months was observed in 40 (80%) and the duration of more than 6 months was ob- served in 10 (20%) of patients. With a mean size of 2.5 ± 1.14 cm, 29 patients (58%) had unilateral nodes and 21 (42%) had bilateral nodes. FNAC has a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 72.2%, meaning that it was positive in 36 individuals and negative in 14.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> FNAC plays a significant role in the diagnosis of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/773Selective Apoptotic Effects of Resilon and Epiphany Se: In Vitro Investigation in Cell Cultures2023-12-06T12:19:08+00:00Ebru Hazar Bodrumluhazarebru@yahoo.comEmre Bodrumluebodrumlu@gmail.comZafer Yazıcızyazici@omu.edu.tr<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this investigation is to examine the programmed cell death mechanism using Resilon, a root canal filling material, and Epiphany SE, a root canal sealant, in a microenvironment of cultured epithelial-like cells.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Vero cells were distributed into a 24-well plate at a density of 2 x 105 cells/ml per well. Fol- lowing an incubation period of 18 hours, Resilon was applied to the cell monolayer. The monolayer was combined with Resilon and covered with a pre-warmed medium before being incubated at 37 0 C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Following this, the wells were treated with a 50% diluted eluate of Epiphany SE. Resilon and Epiphany SE were then left to incubate for 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours at 37 0C. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS V23. Statistical analysis involved determining the differences in means of the specimens using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to as- sess specific statistical differences across various time periods.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that between 0 and 6 hours, it was unclear whether Resilon and Epiphany SE induce apoptosis in Vero cells. Significant differences were observed 12 hours after examination comparing both the Resilon and Epiphany SE groups to the examination time prior to 12 hours (p < 0.05). These cells decreased at 18 and 24 hours. However, necrotic cells increased at each stage of the study period. The increase in the number of necrotic cells was statistically significant at 18 and 24 hours (p < 0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is inferred that necrosis of fibroblastic cells is caused by the cytotoxic effects of both Resilon and Epiphany SE. Hence, it can cause problems with root canal over obturation.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/783Early Childhood Caries Prevalence & Associated Factors In A Low Income Urban Community Of Karachi2024-02-01T07:09:09+00:00Faraz Siddiquifarzeentanwir21@gmail.comFarzeen Tanwirfarzeentanwir21@gmail.comSyeda Natasha Zaidinatashazaidi85@gmail.comNabeel Hafeezfarzeentanwir21@gmail.comRizwan Ullahfarzeentanwir21@gmail.comTauqeer Bibifarzeentanwir21@gmail.com<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The primary and secondary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries among 2-6 year old children living in a low income, urban community of Karachi and to describe oral health and hygiene in the study population showing association be- tween Early Childhood Caries and anemia in 2-6 year old children, which was also the aim of our study.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional, community-based survey was conducted on a total of 409 children in Sultanabad between 2 and 6 years of age, Karachi. A preformed, structured questionnaire collected information on child related, parental, and household characteristics. Included participants were one child, either male or female, aged between 2 years and 6 years at the time of the survey and the fam- ily was a permanent resident of Sultanabad, who had been living in the same vicinity for at least the last 6 months. Exclusion criteria were children with dento-facial or skeletal deformities such as cleft lip/palate or any congenital dysplasia. Statistical procedures and analyses including descriptive analy- sis, uni-variate and multivariable modeling were all performed on STATA version 12.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 409 households from 6 blocks were surveyed from the community. The overall prevalence of Early Childhood Caries was 52.5% (95% CI: 47.7%-57.3%), which included 29.3% (25.0%-33.6%) mild/moderate Early Childhood Caries and 23.2% (19.2%-27.2%) severe Early Child- hood Caries. Frequency was higher in older age groups and in male children. The zero-inflated nega- tive binomial regression model identified the child’s anaemic status to be associated with DMFT scores; we found significant association between mean DMFT scores and the presence of severe anaemia in children.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study concluded that high burden of Early Childhood Caries in the community, most of which comprises decayed, untreated teeth. The findings add to the current evidence showing asso- ciation between Early Childhood Caries and anaemia in 2-6 year old children.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/776Association of Dental Caries, Periodontal, and Nutritional Status with Body Mass Index among Incarcerated Women in Central Jail, Karachi, Pakistan.2024-01-03T07:02:18+00:00Hina Shahhina.shah@jsmu.edu.pkImran Khanimran.khan@jsmu.edu.pkMuhammad Sibghat Ullah Khansibghat.khan@jsmu.edu.pkJai Kershanjaiudassi@hotmail.comSanaa Ahmeddrsanaaumair@gmail.comSumbul Ayazsumbul.ayaz@jsmu.edu.pk<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the association body mass index and the status of dental decay and gum health in women serving prison sentences.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional investigation took place at the Central Jail for Women, Pakistan, spanning from January 2021 to February 2022. The study included all incarcerated women and those awaiting trial aged between 18 and 65 years, while individuals who declined participation were excluded. Con- venience sampling was employed, and each participant underwent examinations for dental caries and periodontal status. Sample size was calculated by considering the total number of women in prison to be 205, keeping the margin of error as 5%, and a confidence level of 95%, a sample size of 134 was calculated. Oral health was measured through DMFT index. Body mass indexes were re- corded by measuring the height and weight of the participants. Furthermore, nutritional habits includ- ing height, weight, source of food and frequency of food were also documented. Oral health conditions were evaluated in 131 women currently serving prison sentences.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> About 23.7 % (n=31) were overweight and 6.1% were obese. Total 71.7% (n=94) of women had at least one decayed tooth, 63 (48.1%) had at least one missing tooth, and 7 (5.3%) had at least one filled tooth. The logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between being overweight and the DMFT score, with an Exponentiation of B of 1.19 and a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.03 to 1.38. The associated p-value was 0.021.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It was found that high BMI was significantly associated with higher DMFT score. The re- sults of this study drives the attention of clinicians and researchers towards the unidentified health needs of incarcerated women. Among other medical conditions, sensitization to oral hygiene and oral health must also be prioritized. Further efforts should be directed towards making oral health acces- sible to the incarcerated population.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/653Assessment of Temper Tantrum Behaviour in Preschool Children: A Descriptive Survey Approach2024-02-16T06:16:19+00:00Saranya Sureshsaranyasuresh1999@gmail.comSisira Satheeshsisirasathesh10@gmail.comYangchentYangchen295@gamail.comBenazeerabenzi407@gmail.comShashikumar Jawadagimr.jawadagi@gmail.com<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The purpose of the study is to assess parents’ experiences and associate demographic characteristics of parents and children with temper tantrum behavior characteristics of preschool children.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive survey approach was used to conduct this study. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to recruit 121 parents of children aged between 3-6 years visiting a selected tertiary care hospital in India. All parents completed the parents’ experience of temper tan- trums in the children’s questionnaire. The analysis of results was carried out on IBM SPSS Software version 23.0.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A moderate level of temper tantrums showed on the mother’s age, education, occupation, marital status, program attendance, and medical and mental illness in the family, whereas a family’s monthly income above 50,000 indicated a severe level of temper tantrums, and half of the children ex- perienced tantrum behavior to get the attention of their parents, hungry and tired. The most frequently reported tantrum behavior was throwing things and hitting parents and siblings, and most tantrums occurred in public places and in vehicles. The majority of the parents adopted strategies to distract their child’s attention by helping the child talk about the causes of anger. A significant association was found between temper tantrum behavior and demographic characteristics of the marital status of parents (x2 = 15.340, p = 0.002) and the awareness program attended regarding temper tantrums in children (x2 = 4.491, p = 0.034).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> As temper tantrums peak in the toddler age group, the present study found that parental involvement is a necessity to manage temper tantrums in preschoolers as well. The main parent’s strategies to control the tantrum were distraction of child attention and helped them to talk about the causes of tantrum. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity of the involvement of parents and family members.</p> <p> </p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/782To Compare the Efficiency of ChatGPT and Bard in Medical Education: An Analysis of MCQ-Based Learning and Assessment2024-02-10T06:05:59+00:00Shirjeel Husaindr_husain2003@yahoo.comSabaa Shahiddentist.amirsabaa@gmail.comZaid AnsariZaid443ansari@gmail.comTahera Ayoobtahera_ayub@yahoo.comAzhar Hussainazeemughal9@gmail.comRimsha Mujahidrimshamujahid94@gmail.com<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ChatGPT and Google Bard as virtual tutors in supporting students across various levels of cognition in MCQ-based assessments in the field of Internal Medicine.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine in col- laboration with the Department of postgraduate medical education from June 2023 to October 2023. A comprehensive collection of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering various aspects of Internal Medicine was compiled by the research team’s consensus. The items were systematically organized into chapters and further categorized based on cognitive complexity levels (C1, C2, and C3). The cho- sen MCQs were entered into separate sessions of both ChatGPT and Google Bard. The responses from each Artificial Intelligence platform were then compared with the corresponding answers in the designated MCQs book. Recorded responses were classified as accurate, inaccurate, or partially ac- curate.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The ChatGPT exhibited an overall success rate of 64%, providing 199 correct responses out of 307 queries, of which 10 were partially correct. By contrast, Google Bard achieved an overall suc- cess rate of 58.95 %, yielding 181 correct responses out of 307 queries, where 16 were partially cor- rect. When stratified by cognitive complexity levels, ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency in solving C2 MCQs at a rate of 80%, whereas the performance rates for the C1 and C3 categories were 69% and 54%, respectively. In contrast, Google Bard displayed a 33% success rate in solving C2 MCQs while achieving success rates of 95% and 53% in the C1 and C3 categories, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this study suggest that ChatGPT is a more advantageous tool for stu- dents and medical educators than Google Bard. These discerned advantages underscore the poten- tial of ChatGPT to enhance the educational experience within the medical domain.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/753Is Diet A Contributing Factor To Infertility?2023-11-23T05:15:15+00:00Ufaque Batool K Samo ufaque.batool@gmail.comKausar Abbas Salderak.salderabbas@gmail.comRizwan Ali Lakhok.salderabbas@gmail.comGul Mohammad Kazik.salderabbas@gmail.comMaliha Shameemk.salderabbas@gmail.comSarah Hussain Sharifk.salderabbas@gmail.com<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of dietary trans-unsaturated fatty acids (TFAs) on ovulatory infertility in young unmarried females.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 august 2023 to 31 December 2023 at the Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. All healthy unmarried females aged 15-25 were included in the study. Females with a family history of infertility, having existing comorbidity, history of irregular menstruation cycle or hormonal replacement therapy, were excluded. Based on the Food frequency questionnaire score, 300 subjects were divided into 3 groups, Group A were low trans fats Consumers (Score 0-170), Group B was moderate trans fats consumers<br />(Score 171-340) and Group C were high trans fats consumers (Score 341-500). The analysis of results was carried out on SPSS Software version 22.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The study’s 300 respondents, who ranged in age from 16 to 25, had a mean age of 21.8 years. Fifteen per cent of those in group “A” had abnormal HDL, 22% had bad LDL, and 23% had abnormal TGA, while 17% had abnormal cholesterol. An abnormal TGA, abnormal HDL, abnormal LDL, and abnormal 31% of the participants in group “B” exhibited abnormal cholesterol levels. A significant correlation between oxidative stress and hormonal indicators was found in three groups: “A” (13%) had aberrant LH, “20%” had abnormal FSH, “11%” had abnormal serum estrogen, “10%” had abnormal serum progesterone, and “C” (49% had abnormal LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone). Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ ) scores had a 25% positive correlation with cholesterol, a 40% negative correlation with HDL, a 31% positive correlation with LDL, and a 39% positive correlation with biochemical and hormonal indicators.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Trans fats diets significantly increase the risk of ovulatory infertility and reproductive failure in young females</p>2024-02-15T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/775Histomorphometric Adaptations of Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae after Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise - A Preclinical Trial2024-02-14T05:11:36+00:00Fatima Hamzafatima.hamza@zu.edu.pkSyed Nudrat Nawaid Shahsyed.nudrat@zu.edu.pkAmna Aamir khanamnakhan@zu.edu.pkSumaira Imran Farooquisumaira.farooqui@zu.edu.pkKevin Joseph Jerome Borgeskevin.borges@zu.edu.pk<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study was aimed at evaluation of effects of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training(MICT) on the histomorphometric parameters of superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) in Sprague Dawley rats.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty-four male healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.Group A (n=12) was assigned to the Moderate Intensity Continuous Training whereas Group B (n=12)was the control group with no exercise. The exercise intervention was workout on treadmill at 70%Maximal exercise intensity for 22-24 mins for 5 consecutive days/week for four weeks. The animalswere sacrificed after completion of exercise protocol for histomorphometry of the Inferior Vena Cavaand Superior Vena Cava. H&E stained slides were examined under Nikon Ts2R-FL inverted micro-scope and images were taken. Images were analyzed and morphometry was performed by using Im-age J software. Luminal area, wall thickness and wall to lumen ratio were evaluated. Statisticalanalysis was performed on SPSS version 23.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Histomorphometric evaluation of the luminal area, wall thickness and wall to lumen ratio ofboth large veins showed statistically significant difference between control and the exercise groups.The luminal area, wall thickness and wall to lumen ratio of the IVC was significantly increased in theexercise group with p values 0.003, 0.04 and <0.001 respectively. There was statistically significant in-crease in luminal area and wall thickness of SVC in the exercise group (p<0.0001) and (p = 0.0001),whereas wall to lumen ratio was found to be reduced significantly p<0.001.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study has revealed that moderate intensity continuous exercise of four weeks duration has profound effects on the histomorphometry of superior and inferior vena cava. The findings ofour study highlight that the venous morphological adaptations to meet the heightened demands generated after moderate intensity continuous exercise are as prevalent as cardiac and arterial adapta-tions</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGEhttps://www.annals-ashkmdc.org/index.php/ashkmdc/article/view/791Sarcoid Uveitis: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.2024-02-20T05:10:32+00:00Mohammad Ishaqmishaqghauri@hotmail.comSyeda Urooj Riazurooj_sr@hotmail.comNousheen Iqbalnousheen.iqbal@aku.eduAsad Raza Jafridrasadjafri@gmail.comUrooj Fatimauroojmehdi1982@gmail.comAmir Hussainamerhusain208@gmail.comKhizra Ishaqishaqkhizra@gmail.comShifa Ishaqshifaishaqghauri@gmail.com<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The Primary objective was to find the frequency of Sarcoid Uveitis among the patients pre- sented with Uveitis.The secondary objective was to follow the patients of sarcoid uveitis over treat- ment..</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We did an observational prospective study, after acquiring ethical review letter from IRB Medicine department outpatient services of Jinnah Medical College Hospital Korangi was used where patients with Uveitis were referred for evaluation of systemic disease during jan 2019 to dec 2020. These patients underwent history, examination and biochemical and radiological investigations and were followed over a period of 1 year to see response to treatment.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 372 patients presented with established uveitis out of which 36 patients i.e. 66 eyes presented to our eye clinic with decrease in vision with a mean age of 42±2 years. Among 36 patients, 89% presented with redness of eye and 72% presented with eye pain where as 8 % pre- sented with photophobia and floaters. Biochemically >10mg/dl calcium was observed in 18(50%) pa- tients and ACE level was found to be more than 40nmol/ml/min in 30(83.3%) patients. Among them 32 (88.9%) patients showed resolved inflammation whereas 2(5.56%) showed a change in inflamma- tion and 2(5.56%) showed no change.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We found sarcoid uveitis as fairly common cause of uveitis. The patients were treated with the standard treatment of steroids and immunosuppressants i.e. Azathioprine and we concluded that use of steroids and immunosuppressant improved the outcome in our patients. The patients re- sponded fairly well to the designed treatment.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE